أكياس وأورام التجويف الفموي

In rare cases, if cysts are left untreated, they can cause excessive erosion of the jaw bones, resulting in pathologic fractures of the jaw. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are required, as lesions generally continue to grow and may affect adjacent teeth and other structures or even result in pathologic fracture. Once a cyst is suspected, our specialists advise x-rays and CBCT scans to define the extent of the lesion and formulate a treatment plan accordingly. In some cases, doctors check the cystic and send it for a microscopic examination which gives a diagnosis about the nature of the cyst. Some cysts are small and can be removed by the dentist with local anaesthesia. However, most cysts require wider surgical treatment. Odontogenic tumours, by definition, are derived from tooth-related tissues, and although they have been reported in non-tooth-bearing structures, they develop mainly in the maxilla or mandible. The majority of tumours are benign, and while they may be locally aggressive, they rarely can metastasise. Nonodontogenic jaw tumours, on the other hand, develop from a wide variety of tissues in the body, often originate in non-tooth-bearing facial bones, and may develop in other sites outside of the head and neck. If tumours are left without treatment, they can grow to a disproportionate size and cause the weakening of the jaw bones, eventually leading to the pathologic fracture of the bone. They also are more prone to get infected, which further complicates the treatment. Doctors will begin with clinical examination, biopsy and x-rays, CT or CBCT scans to identify the nature of the tumour. Treatment is decided by numerous factors like – age, side, nature and size of the tumour. The management of these pathological changes is not just limited to removal but also involves the rehabilitation of the jaw bones. Since jaw bones, unlike other bones in the human body, give form and shape to our facial structure, it becomes necessary to plan their reconstruction. While most of the tumours are small and can be appropriately managed by resection and rehabilitation by dental prosthesis, some tumours involve the entire height of the bone, which require segmental resection of the jaw bone. This requires meticulous planning, for which specialists use 3-D and virtual surgical planning software to identify the exact amount of bone to be resected and decide about the reconstruction modality. Defects can be reconstructed by taking autogenous bones or bones from other parts of the same individual. However, some defects require reconstruction with a prosthesis, which is a 3D facial implant that mimics the natural bone contour, thereby restoring jaw continuity.